Selenium使用教程

Selenium是一款功能强大的自动化测试框架，它可以模拟用户在浏览器中的各种操作，比如点击、输入等，通过自动化测试帮助开发人员减少手动测试的时间和成本，提高测试效率和代码质量。

本篇文章将从选取元素、常见操作、等待元素、多窗口处理和自定义浏览器驱动等多个方面详细阐述Selenium的使用方法。

一、选取元素

1、选取ID元素

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_id('su') element.click() driver.quit()

2、选取class元素

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_btn') element.click() driver.quit()

3、选取name元素

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_name('wd') element.send_keys('selenium') driver.quit()

4、选取link_text元素

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻') element.click() driver.quit()

二、常见操作

1、输入文字

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_name('wd') element.send_keys('selenium') element.submit() driver.quit()

2、点击按钮

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_id('su') element.click() driver.quit()

3、切换窗口

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url1 = 'https://www.baidu.com/' url2 = 'http://news.baidu.com/' driver.get(url1) driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻').click() handles = driver.window_handles for handle in handles: if handle != driver.current_window_handle: driver.switch_to.window(handle) print(driver.title) driver.quit()

三、等待元素

1、强制等待

from selenium import webdriver import time driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) time.sleep(5) # 等待5秒 driver.quit()

2、隐式等待

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 最长等待10秒 driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_name('wd') element.send_keys('selenium') element.submit() driver.quit()

3、显式等待

from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC driver = webdriver.Chrome() url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, 'wd'))) element.send_keys('selenium') element.submit() driver.quit()

四、多窗口处理

from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() url1 = 'https://www.baidu.com/' url2 = 'http://news.baidu.com/' driver.get(url1) driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻').click() handles = driver.window_handles for handle in handles: if handle != driver.current_window_handle: driver.switch_to.window(handle) driver.close() driver.switch_to.window(handles[0]) driver.find_element_by_name('wd').send_keys('selenium') driver.find_element_by_id('su').click() driver.quit()

五、自定义浏览器驱动

1、火狐浏览器

from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() firefox_options.set_headless() firefox_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') firefox_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_options=firefox_options) url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_name('wd') element.send_keys('selenium') element.submit() driver.quit()

2、Edge浏览器

from selenium import webdriver from msedge.selenium_tools import EdgeOptions, Edge edge_options = EdgeOptions() edge_options.use_chromium = True edge_options.headless = True driver = Edge(options=edge_options) url = 'https://www.baidu.com/' driver.get(url) element = driver.find_element_by_name('wd') element.send_keys('selenium') element.submit() driver.quit()

通过以上的示例，您可以快速掌握Selenium的基本使用方法，希望能对您的自动化测试工作有所帮助。