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爬虫Python代码_python开源代码

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爬虫Python代码_python开源代码python爬虫爬虫的概念爬虫是模拟浏览器发送请求，获取响应爬虫的流程发送请求获取响应提取数据保存请求头通过请求头模拟模拟服务器Host。

python爬虫

爬虫的概念

  • 爬虫是模拟浏览器发送请求，获取响应

爬虫的流程

  • 发送请求
  • 获取响应
  • 提取数据
  • 保存

请求头

通过请求头模拟模拟服务器

  • Host：主机和端口号
  • Connection：链接类型
  • Upgrade-Insecure-Requests：升级为HTTPS请求
  • Accept：传输文件类型
  • Referer：页面跳转处
  • Accept-Encoding：文件编解码格式
  • Cookie：cookie
  • x-requested-with：Ajax异步请求

响应状态码

  • 200：成功
  • 302：临时转移至新的url
  • 307：临时转移至新的url
  • 404：not found
  • 500：服务器内部错误

爬虫的类

  • 通用爬虫：通常指搜索引擎的爬虫
  • 聚焦爬虫：针对特定网站的爬虫

爬虫的工作流程

搜索引擎流程

  • 抓去网页
  • 数据存储
  • 预处理
  • 提供检索服务、网站排名

聚焦爬虫流程

  • url list<———-
  • 响应内容 |
  • 提取数据—->提取url
  • 入库

发送简单的请求

  • 安装requests库
pip3 install requests

代码100分

  • 发起一个简单的request请求
代码100分import requests
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
response.encoding = "utf-8"
text = response.text #返回内容
status = response.status_code
print(text)
print(status)
  • 发起一个带headers的请求
import requests
​
header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER"}
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com",headers = header)
response.encoding = "utf-8"
text = response.text #返回内容
status = response.status_code
print(text)
print(status )
print(response.request.headers)
  • 发起带参数的请求
代码100分import requests
​
header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER"}
par = {"wd":"张三"}
response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s",headers = header,params=par)
response.encoding = "utf-8"
text = response.text #返回内容
status = response.status_code
print(text)
print(status )
print(response.request.headers)
print(response.request.url)

发送post请求

  • 发送post请求
import requests

def get_content_length(data):

length = len(data.keys()) * 2 – 1

total = ”.join(list(data.keys()) + list(data.values()))

length += len(total)

return length

url = “http://localhost/”

par = {“txt_userName”:”admin”,

“txt_userPwd”:”123″,

“but_sigin”:”登录”,

“__EVENTTARGET”:””,

“_EVENTARGUMENT”:””,

“__VIEWSTATE”:”jvSnUXEL/VE5n7y6wjx8T+if6kxOtL5RZwOROEHiWmIseLfbsua+mkFpteAxZMTrtRVgaO7cQYj90Ziw1hvSv7KeCChJga9R4DYPeP77Ypw=”,

“__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR”:”9005994241″,

“__EVENTVALIDATION”:”s/6wUJU3A8q2IrZV4ockZ4bKJm1jj4l1IEJm/C1OQSyauSTIxHbtAXVI9DP8ARz9X0iFrjeted/manpeRySaa7fU+T1ssbkfEfNB0MkmEE347WV9/jow73gaNCnKWVg2REhDPfYJ/LR+oLQrqBqDawKEly5WTksOlKgVmxF7+Gc=”}

print(get_content_length(par))

header = {“Referer”:”http://localhost/”,

“Origin”:”http://localhost”,

“Content-Type”:”application/x-www-form-urlencoded”,

“Connection”:”keep-alive”,

“Content-Length”:str(get_content_length(par)),

“User-Agent”:”Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER”}

response = requests.post(url,data = par,headers = header)

text = response.text

status = response.status_code

print(text)

print(status)

print(response.request.headers)

print(response.headers)

“`

代理

import requests
header = {"Connection":"keep-alive",
 "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER"}
proxies = {"http":"118.163.120.181:52458"}#设置代理ip
response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com",headers = header,proxies=proxies)
response.encoding="utf-8"
print(response.text)

保持session

import requests
​
def get_content_length(data):
 length = len(data.keys()) * 2 - 1
 total = ''.join(list(data.keys()) + list(data.values()))
 length += len(total)
 return length
​
​
url = "http://localhost/" 
par = {"txt_userName":"admin",
 "txt_userPwd":"123",
 "but_sigin":"登录",
 "__EVENTTARGET":"",
 "_EVENTARGUMENT":"",
 "__VIEWSTATE":"jvSnUXEL/VE5n7y6wjx8T+if6kxOtL5RZwOROEHiWmIseLfbsua+mkFpteAxZMTrtRVgaO7cQYj90Ziw1hvSv7KeCChJga9R4DYPeP77Ypw=",
 "__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR":"9005994241",
 "__EVENTVALIDATION":"s/6wUJU3A8q2IrZV4ockZ4bKJm1jj4l1IEJm/C1OQSyauSTIxHbtAXVI9DP8ARz9X0iFrjeted/manpeRySaa7fU+T1ssbkfEfNB0MkmEE347WV9/jow73gaNCnKWVg2REhDPfYJ/LR+oLQrqBqDawKEly5WTksOlKgVmxF7+Gc="}
​
print(get_content_length(par))
header = {"Referer":"http://localhost/",
 "Origin":"http://localhost",
 "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
 "Connection":"keep-alive",
 "Content-Length":str(get_content_length(par)),
 "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER"}
​
session = requests.session();
session.post(url,data = par,headers = header)
header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER"}
response = session.get("http://localhost/ChooseFunc.aspx",headers = header)
print(response.text)
​

使用cookie登录

​
import requests
​
def get_content_length(data):
 length = len(data.keys()) * 2 - 1
 total = ''.join(list(data.keys()) + list(data.values()))
 length += len(total)
 return length
​
​
url = "http://localhost/" 
par = {"txt_userName":"admin",
 "txt_userPwd":"123",
 "but_sigin":"登录",
 "__EVENTTARGET":"",
 "_EVENTARGUMENT":"",
 "__VIEWSTATE":"jvSnUXEL/VE5n7y6wjx8T+if6kxOtL5RZwOROEHiWmIseLfbsua+mkFpteAxZMTrtRVgaO7cQYj90Ziw1hvSv7KeCChJga9R4DYPeP77Ypw=",
 "__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR":"9005994241",
 "__EVENTVALIDATION":"s/6wUJU3A8q2IrZV4ockZ4bKJm1jj4l1IEJm/C1OQSyauSTIxHbtAXVI9DP8ARz9X0iFrjeted/manpeRySaa7fU+T1ssbkfEfNB0MkmEE347WV9/jow73gaNCnKWVg2REhDPfYJ/LR+oLQrqBqDawKEly5WTksOlKgVmxF7+Gc="}
​
print(get_content_length(par))
header = {"Referer":"http://localhost/",
 "Origin":"http://localhost",
 "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
 "Connection":"keep-alive",
 "Content-Length":str(get_content_length(par)),
 "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER"}
​
Cookie = "BAIDUID=FE80207B022A6E1E4D7BB1367A17F521:FG=1; BIDUPSID=FE80207B022A6E1E4D7BB1367A17F521; PSTM=1530773661; MCITY=-227%3A; BDUSS=U94WDlNWE9UNXdPQ2hLZUFJb3IzT1d6MVBra1J1MXBNTGxleDg5cElDLWx6dkpiQVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAABjihIwxKu05unkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKVBy1ulQctbW; shifen[72403812623_78176]=1540113943; BCLID=14310731544559705912; BDSFRCVID=XaPsJeC629x9PMR7z-PHuUya6eMiOacTH6aomc6Zd6LmrCfkf5B3EG0PDf8g0KAbHA5togKKWeOTHxRP; H_BDCLCKID_SF=tRKDoC02tCI3fP36q4nSb-De2fob-C62aKDshnjx-hcqEIL4eJAB0MuwjpCLQUvtQ65K_J5z2l7HHUbSj4QohtJBWx8qWPrH0KcW0D5Pth5nhMJeb67JDMPF-47CtR3y523i-b5vQpnWVxtu-n5jHjQXDGKH3J; H_PS_645EC=008cULc%2Bp%2Fdi4lUhaDQ3S%2Fa27VwOr8z2caFujxq6eaPb1yA6qq8yWL76nYy%2F0mIg4K%2FPyQ; BDORZ=FFFB88E999055A3F8A630C64834BD6D0; delPer=0; BD_CK_SAM=1; PSINO=6; BDRCVFR[4Zjqyl1bxbt]=aeXf-1x8UdYcs; BD_HOME=1; H_PS_PSSID=1448_21079_27244; BD_UPN=16314753"
​
#分割cookie字符串组合成字典
cookies = {item.split("=")[0]:item.split("=")[1] for item in Cookie.split("; ")}
print(cookies)
response = requests.post(url,data = par,headers = header,cookies = cookies)
text = response.text
status = response.status_code
​

求SSL 证书

 requests.get(login_url,verify=False)

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